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Red Willow County Standard Atlas and Plat Book, 1905
Supplement XI
Submitted by Thomas Corey
SUPPLEMENT XI. ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN HISTORY
B. C. B. C. 324 Exile of Demosthenes. 217 The two Scipios sent to Spain. 323 Death of Alexander at Babylon. 216 Battle of Canne. Romans defeated with Alexander succeeded by Perdiccas as immense loss. Regent. Revolt of Capua. Antipater in Macedonia. Alliance of Hannibal with Philip V. of Lysimachus in Thrace. Macedon. Cassander in Greece. 214-212 Siege and capture of Syracuse by Antigonus in Syria. Marcellus. Eumenes in Cappadocia. 214 First Commercial War. Seleucas at Babylon. Byzantium and Rhodes. Second Samnite War, lasts twenty-one 212 Battle of Anitorgia. years. Greek works of art brought to Rome. Antipater, a Macedonian general, defeats 211 Greece concludes treaty with the Romans Athens and allies. against Philip V. of Macedon. 322 Ptolemy I., surnamed Soter, receives the Defeat and death of the two Scipios in Egyptian Kingdom. Spain by Hasdrubal. Phenicia annexed to Egypt by Ptolemy Capua recovered by Rome. Soter I. Conquest of Judea by Antiochus. 321 First war among the "successors of Hannibal before Rome. Alexander" 208 Battle of Metaurus. Battle of the Caudine Forks. Battle of Elinga. Romans terribly defeated by Pontius and 207 Battle of the Metaurus; Hasdruba de- pass under the Samnite yoke. feated and slain by the Romans. 320 Ptolemy Soter takes Jerusalem. Gold money first coined in Rome. Revolt of Phenicia. 206 Ptolemy V. The decline of Egypt. Jewish settlements in Egypt and Cyrene. 204 P. Cornelius Scipio conducts the war 317 Agathocles at Syracuse. in Africa. 315 Thebes rebuilt by Cassander. Siege of Utica. Conquest of Antigonus of Phrygia. 203 Hannibal leaves Italy. 314 Palestine under Antigonus. Attaius and Rhodians war with Philip. Roman victory at Cinna. 202 Defeat of Hannibal at Zama, in Africa, 313 Samnite victory at Lantule. by Scipio Africanus. 312 Battle of Gaza. 201 Treaty of peace between Rome and Car- Victory of Ptolemy and Seleucus over thage; end of the Second Punic War. Demetrius Pollorectes. 200-197 First Macedonian War. Pyrrhus King of Epirus. Allies attack Macedon and defeat Philip. Appius Claudius censor. 198 T. Quintus Flaminius proclaims liberty to Appian Way and aqueduct. the Greeks. The great Roman military road com- Syria becomes independent of Egypt. pleted. 197 Battle of Cynocephale. 312-160 Sandracottus, Indian empire. Philip defeated by Flaminius. 311-300 The Etruscan War. Palestine and Cele-Syria conquered by 310 L. Papirius Cursor. Roman Dictator. Antiochus the Great, and Confirmed to Agathocles defeated at Himers. him by the peace with Rome. 308 Fabius crosses Cimialan Hills: defeats The Rosetta Stone written. the Tuscans at Vadimon. 199 Dynasty of Han, China, founded. 307-305 Naval war at Cyprus and Rhodes. Hannibal joins Antiochus. 304 Siege of Rhodes by Demetrius. 195 Birth of Hipparchus, first systematic as- 301 Battle of Ipsis between Ptolemy Soter tronomer. and Antigonus. 192-188 War between the Romans and Antio- Final division of Alexander's dominions. chus the Great. 300 Athenian democracy restored. Philopemen pretor of the Achean Chandrogupia (Sandracottus) reigns in League. India: makes a treaty with Seleurus. Greece declared free from Macedon by Foundation of Antioch by Seleurus. Flaminius. Light-house on island of Pharos erected. Philopemen defeats Nabis, of Sparta. 299 Athens besieged and taken by Demetrius. Sparta joins the Achean League. 298 Third Samnite War. (Samnites, Etrus- 190 Battle of Magnesia. cans, Umbrians and Gauls.) 188 The laws and discipline of Lycurgus abro- Gellius Egnatius, leader of the Samnites. gated by Philopemen. 296 The Capitoline wolf. 184 Death of Plautus. 295 Quintus Fabius defeats the Samnites, 183 Death of Hannibal and Scipio. Etruscans and Gauls at Sentinum. Lycortas, general of the Achean League. 292 Execution of C. Pontius. 182-174 Encroachments of Massinissa. 29D The Third Samnite War ends in sub- 181 Ptolemy VI. reigns in Egypt. jugation to Rome. The Villian Law, Rome. 287 Birth of Archimedes (died 212). 179 Perseus King of Macedonia. 286 The Hortensian Law passed at Rome; Embassy of Callicrates to Greece. plebiscita declared binding in all the Pharnaces, of Pontus, cedes Paphlagonia people. to Rome. 285 Ptolemy abdicates in favor of his son, 176 Antiochus makes war on Egypt. Philadelphus, who becomes Ptolemy II. 171-168 Second Macedonian War. Under his reign Egypt rose to a high 170 Antiochus takes Jerusalem. rank among the nations in power and 40,000 Jews slain and Temple pillaged. wealth. Birth of Attius, Roman dramatist (died 284 Alexandrian Library founded by Ptolemy Soter. 76). 284 The Etolian League formed. 168 Battle of Pydua; victory of Ernilius Pau- 283 Kingdom of Pergamus founded. lus over Perseus; Macedonia made a Renewed Gallic and Etruscan War. Roman province. Second battle of Lake Vadimon. Eumenes II. visits Rome. 281 Rome wars with Pyrrhus. king of Epirus. Antiochus Epiphanes takes Jerusalem. Rome at war with Tarentum. Beginning of the Maccabean war of in Lysimachus defeated and slain by Se- dependence. leucus at Corupedion. Athenians attack Oropus. 280 Achean League between twelve Cities of Achea 167 Judas Maccabeus defeats the Syrians established. and occupies Jerusalem, except the Cit- Battle of Pandosia. adel. Romans defeated by Pyrrhus. Romans ravage Epirus and Aches. Birth of Chryssippus (died 207). 166 Rededication of the Temple. 279 Irruption of the Gauls into Greece. One thousand Acheans imprisoned at First Plebeian censor at Rome. Rome. Romans again defeated by Pyrrhus at First comedy of Terence performed at Asculum. Rome. Rome and Carrthage allied. 166-145 Hipparchus flourishes. 277 League between Athens, Sparta and 165 Rise of the Pharisees and Sadducees. Egypt. 164 Death of Antiochus. The Septuagint Written. He is succeeded by Antiochus V. Eupator, The Gauls settle in Galatia. who takes Bethoura, and besieges Jeru- 276 Birth of Eratosthenes-- died 196. salem, but makes peace with the Jews. The great wall of China built. (?) Cyrene and Libya separate from Egypt. 274 Battle of Beneventum. Rome victorious 163 Birth of M. Emilius Scaurus. Roman and Pyrrhus leaves Italy. orator (died 90). 273 Egyptian embassy to Rome. 161 Victory of Judas Maccabeus at Adosa. 272 Antigonus Gonatus recovers Macedon. Embassy of Cameades, Diogenes and 269 Silver money first coined at Rome. Critolans to Rome. Hiero II. of Syracuse. Death of Judas. 268 Herosus flourished. Alliance between Rome and Judea. Antigonus of Macedon takes Athens. Jonathan Maccabeus succeeds Judas. 266 Rome supreme over all Italy. 160 Bactrians in India. 264 First Punic War begins. 159 Death of Terence. Carthage disputes Rome's Empire. 155 Athenians fined by Rome. Chronology of Arundelian (Parian) mar- 153 War in Spain. ble ends. 150-138 Lusitanian War. 256 First Roman fleet launched. Viriathus commands the Lusitanians. Victory of Duilius off Myle. 149 Third Punic War begins. Rise of Parthia. Scipio invades Africa. 260-230 Reign of Asoka in India. Andriscus in Macedonia. 256 Naval victory of Regulus over the Car- 148 Birth of Lucillus--died 103. thaginians at Ecnomus. 147 The Achean war with Rome begins. Invasion of Africa. 146 Ptolemy VI. killed in battle. The Arsacide. Carthage taken by Scipio and destroyed 255 Defeat and capture of Regulus by the by order of the Roman Senate. Carthaginians. Corinth taken and destroyed by Mum- Evacuation of Africa. mius. 254 The Kingdom of _actia. Province of Africa constituted. 250 Parthia becomes an independent king- Greece becomes a Roman Province. dom under Arsaces. 145 Ptolemy VII. reigns, marries Cleopatra Dynasty of Tsin in China founded. widow of Ptolemy VI. 247 Ptolemy III, makes war on Syria, Demetrius legislates for the Achean cities. Restores the Egyptian gods carried off Demetrius Nicator in Syria. by Cambyses 525 B. C. 144 The Tower of Zion takes by the Jews. Birth of Hannibal-- died 183. Judea becomes independent. 245 Aratus of Sicyon, general of the Achean Rise of the Asmonean dynasty. Leagues. 143 Birth of Antonius, Roman orator (died 70). 245 Defeat of Carthaginians by Catulus at 142 Scipio Africanus (Minor) Roman Censor. the Egates Insule. 140 Birth of Crassus, Roman orator (died End of the First Punic War. 91). Sicily made a Roman Province. Simon made hereditary Prince of the Atalus, King of Pergamus. Jews. Agis IV. killed at Sparta. Death of Viriathus--Rome. 240 The Plays at Livius Andronicus exhib Macedon formally absorbed by Rome. ited (the first tragedies) at Rome. 138 Birth of L. Cornelius Sulla (died 78). 238 Date of the decree of Canopus; tablet 136 Hycanus Governor of Judea. of San. 134-132 Servile War in Sicily. 237 Conquest of Spain attempted by the Car- Sicillan slaves rebel, are conquered and thaginians. slain. Seizure at Sardinia and Corsica by the 133 Laws of Tiberias Gracchus passed at Rome. Romans. Gracchus murdered. 235 The gates of the Temple of Janus at Kingdom of Pergamus bequeathed to Rome shut for the first time since Rome. Numa. No war existing at the time. 130 Demetrius Nicator, Syria, restored. 234 Birth of M. Porcius Cato--died 149. 129 Hyeranus subdues Idumea and Samaria 233 Antigonus D_son in Macedon. and destroys Temple at Gerizim. 229 Athens joins the Achean League. 125 Rise of the Essenes. 227 Cleomenic War with Achean League be- Fluvius Flaccus and L. Drusus popular gins. Roman leaders. 226 Reforms of Cleomenes at Sparta. L. Caelius Antipater, Roman jurist, flour- 225 Invasion of Cisalpine Gaul and battle of ished. Cluslum. Rome victorious. 123 Scipio takes and destroys Numantia. 222 Ptolemy IV. reigns in Egypt. Roman Colony sent to Carthage. Defeats Antiocus III. of Syria at Raphia. 121 Civil war in Rome arising from Agrarian Gallia Cisalpina becomes a Roman Province. troubles-- Caius Gracehus is murdered. 221 Battle of Seliasia. Metuilius leader of Roman Senate. Aratus and Antigonus take Sparta. 120 Parthians subdue Bactria. Philip V. of Macodon. 117 Ptolemy VIII. reigns jointly with his Alliance between Philip and Acheans mother, Cleopatra. against Etolians. 116 Birth of Varro (died 28). 220 Hasdrubal assassinated in Spain. 113 The Teutones and Cimbra invade Gaul. 219 Antiochus overruns Palestine. 111-106 The Jugurthine War--peace conclud- Siege of Saguntum by Hannibal. ed. Second Illyrian war. War renewed two years later. 218 Second Punic War begins. Metelius and Marius defeat Jugurtha and Hannibal marches from Spain across the subjects Numidia. Pyrenees and the Alps into Italy. 109-101 War at Ronse with the Cimbri and Battles of the Ticinius and the Trebia, Teutones. and defeat of Scipio. 109 Hyrcanus destroys the Samaritan temple 217 Hannibal passes the Apennines. on mount Gerizim. Battle of Lake Trasimene. Flaminius Atricus born (died B. C., 32). defeated. 106 Birth of Pompey and of Cicero.
B. C. B. C. 102 Victory of Marius over the Teutones at 8 Tiberius defeats the Germans. Aque Sexte (Aix), Diodorus Siculus, historian, flourished. Second Servile war breaks out in Sicily. 4 Birth of Jesus Christ, according to Ush- 101 Victory of Marius over the Cimbri at er's system. Vercelle and end of the war. Death of Herod, king of Judea. Battle of Campus Itaudius. A. D. 100 Birth of Julius Cesar. 1 Tiberius commands on the Rhine. C. Marius born 157 (died 86). Sixth Ro- 3 Birth of Seneca (died A. D. 65). man Consul. 6 Judea a Roman province under Syria. L. App, Saiurninus Tribune (Rome). 9 Destruction of the Romans under Varus Ptolemy Apion leaves Cyrene. and three legions by the Germans under 96 Birth of Lucretius (died 55). Hermann 92 Sulla on the Euphrates. Romans defeated by Charusci under Ar- 90-88 The Social or Marsic War in Italy. minius. The Marsians, at first successful, are fin- Banishment of Ovid. ally defeated. 14 Death of Augustus Cesar. 88-84 First Mithridatic War. Accession of Tiberius Cesar. Mithridates seizes Athens. Accession of Artatanus in Parthia. Civil War of Marius and Sulla and expul- 14-16 Campaigns of Germanicus in Germany. sion of Marius. 17 Germanieus in Parthia and the East. Sulla occupies Rome. 19 Death of Germanicus. 87 Marius retakes Rome. War between Artabarus and Marbad. Proscription. 20 Valerius Maximus. 86 Revolt and Siege of Egyptian Thebas. M. Elino Sejanus dominant at Rome. Death of Marius and return of Sulla. 23 Pretorian camp at Rome. Athens stormed by Sulla. 25 Pontius Pilate Governor of Judea. Birth of Sallust (died 31). 26-37 Tiberias retires to Capre. 85 Tigrahes at war with Rome. 30 The Crucifixion, according to Eusebius. 84 Sulla makes peace with Pontus, king of Lactantius, Augustine, Origen, and other the Mithridates. authorities give A. D. 29 as the proper 83 War with Marian party in ltaly. year. Tigranes I. of Armenia Annexes Phrygia. Agrippina I., banished. 83 Birth of Marcus Antonius (died 30). 31 Marco, Perfect of Pretorians, upon fall 82 Thebes destroyed. of Sejanus. Second Civil War. 37 Accession of Caligula, Rome. Victory at the Colline gate. Birth of Josephus (died 97). Occupation of Rome. 40 Philo Senior ambassador to Rome. Sulla becomes Dictator. Birth of Plutarch--died 120. 79 Abdication of Sulla. Dies in 78. 41 Claudius Emperor of Rome. The Cornelian Laws of Rome. 42 Claudius conquers Maurctania. 79-72 Civil war of Sertorius in Spain; and of Birth of Quintillan--died 118. Lepidus and Catulus in Italy. 43 Expedition of Claudius to Britain. 78 Alexandra Queen of Judea. Successes of Aulus Plautius. 75 Nicomedes III. leaves Bithnia to Rome. Birth of Martial died 104. 74-66 Third Mithridutic War. Lycia becomes a Roman province. 74-65 Victories of Lucullus in Asia. 44 Judea and Samaria directly Roman. 73-71 Servile war in Italy, led by Spartacus 47 London founded by the Romans. who is defeated and slain by Crasaus. Birth of Juvenal--died 130 (?). 70 Consulship of Pompey and Crasaus. Thrace directly Roman. Birth of Virgil (died 19). The Frisians subdued by Rome. Scythinus expelled from India. 50 Defeat and capture of Caractacus; taken 69 Victory of Lurullus over Tigranes. prisoner to Rome. 67 Cesar begins to take. part in public af- Claudius marries Agrippiana II., and fairs. adopts Nero. Pompey subdues the pirates. 51 South Britain a Roman province. 66 Lucullus recalled. 54 Agrippiana poisons Claudius and Nero Pompey sent into Asia and war ended. becomes emperor. Birth of Strabo, geographer (died A. D. 55 Birth of Tacitus; died 117 (?). 22). 56 Corbulo in Parthia. 65 Birth of Horace (died B. C. 8). 59 Britannicus poisoned by Agrippiana. Antiochus Asiaticus dethroned by Pom- Agrippiana murdered by Nero. pey. Parthia and Armenia at war. 64 Birth of Messalla (died 4). 60 St. Paul at Malta. Pompey reduces Syria to a Roman prov- 61 Insurrection of the Britons under Bos- ince. dices. 63 Jerusalem taken by the Romans under Victory of Suetonius Paulinus. Pompey. Birth of Papinius Statius, poet; died 96. Birth of Augustus. Birth of Pliny the Miinor; died 105. Second conspiracy of Cataline suppressed 64 Rome on fire six days. by Cicero. Persecution of the Christians. Orations of Cicero. 65 Deaths of St. Peter and St. Paul (?). Lucuilus founds Library at Rome. Deaths of Seneca and Luscan. Phenicia absorbed in the province of Conspiracy of Piso. Syria. Revolt of the Jews. 60 Pompey, Cesar and Crassus form the first 66 Josephus governor of Gallilee. Roman Triumvirate. 67 Nero at the Olympic games. Birth of Seneca (died 20). 68 Death of Nero. 59 Birth of Livy (died A. D. 17). Galba becomes emperor. 58 The Gallic War begins. 69 Civil war at Rome. Cicero banished. Otho kills himself. Cesar invades Gaul. Vitellius killed. Helvetii and Ariovistus defeated. 70 Jerusalem taken and destroyed by Titus. 57 Cyprus becomes a Roman province. Civilis leads a Datavian revolt. End of the Seleucide. Vespasian emperor at Rome. Cesar defeats the Belge and Nervil. 70-80 Colosseum at Rome built. 55-54 Cesar invades Britain. 71 The gates of Janus closed. Crassus plunders the Temple at Jerusa- Triumph of Vespasian and Titus. lem: is defeated and killed by the Par- Philosophers expelled from Rome. thians at Carrhe, 53. Reform of Treasury, Rome. 54 Cesar defeats Treviri and crosses the 71-75 The Stoic philosophers expelled from Rhine. Rome by Vespasian. Birth of Tibullus (died 18). 78 Agricola commands in Britain. 52-51 Cesar conquers Vercingetorix and Titus becomes Roman emperor. Alesia. 79 Herculaneum and Pompeii destroyed by Murder of Claudius by Milo. an eruption of Vesuvius. 51 Subjugation of Gaul completed, and be- 79 Death of Pliny the Elder. comes a Roman province, The Lancoon group sculptured. 50 Quintus Sexrius (Stoic) flourished. 80 Advance of Agricola to the Tay. 49 Civil war between Cesar and Pompey. Amphitheatre of Verona built. Pompey driven from Italy. 81 Domitian emperor of Rome. The Pompeians defeated in Spain. 82 Rome wars with Chatti. Cesar dictator. 83 Paris (Pantomime) killed. 48 Battle of Pharsalia. 84 Agricola defeats the Caledonians, and Cesar defeats Pompey. sails around and subdues Britain. Murder of Pompey in Egypt. 85 Agricola recalled to Rome. Ptolemy Dionysus and Cleopatra inherit 86 Rome wages an unsuccessful war against Egyptian throne. Gate or Dalia. 47 Cesar again dictator. Quadi and Marcomanni. War in Egypt. 91 Insurrection of Antonius suppressed. Partial destruction of the library or Alex- 95 Rome persecutes Jews and Christians. andria during the siege of Alexandria. St. John banished to Palmos. Cesar defeats Pharnaces at Zela. 96 Domitian killed. 46 The African War. Nerva becomes emperor. Battle of Thapsus. Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna, born (died Suicide of Cato. 166). Reformation or the calendar by Cesar. 96-98 Relief of taxes and distribution of His triumphs. lands. 45 War in Spain. 98 Trajan emperor of Rome. Battle of Munda: defeat of Pom- Plutarch flourishes. pcians. 103 Birth of Justin Martyr (died 166). Cesar Pater Patrie Imperator, for life, 103-107 Subjugation of Dacia. Dictator. 104 Birth of Herodes Atticus, antiquarian First year of Julian calendar. (died 180). 44 Assassination of Cesar by Brutus, Cas- 114-117 Trajan's expedition to the East. sius and others. Flight of the assas- 117 Hadrian emperor. sins. He abandons the conquests of Trajan. Antony becomes master of Rome. The Euphradtes made the eastern bound- Corinth and Carthage rebuilt. ary of the empire. 43 Cleopatra poisons her brother Ptolemy and 120 Hadrian visits Gaul and Britain. reigns alone. Statues of Antonous (Hadrian's page). Battle of Mutina. Birth of Ireneus Bishop of Lyons, died 200 Second Triumvirate--C. Octavius, M. An- Birth of Lucian, died 200. tony, M. Lepidus. 121 Hadrian's walls built--Newcastle to Car- Cicero put to death. lisle--Rhine to the Danube. Birth of Ovid (died A. D. 18). Birth of Marcus Aurelius, died 180. End of the Ragida. 125 First apology for the Christians present- 43 Battle of Philippi. ed at Athens by Quadratus and Aris- 42 Defeat and death of Brutus and Cassius. tides. The Triumviri masters of the Roman 130 Birth of Appuleius. world. Birth of Galen, died 200. 41 Meeting of Antony and Cleopatra at Tar- Hadrian rebuilds Jerusalem. sus. 132 Second Jewish War. 40 Herod the Great made king of the Jews. Harchochebas, leader of the Jews. Library of Pergarnus to Alexandria. Edictum perpetuum of Hadrian. 37 Jerusalem taken by Herod and the 135 Dispersion of the Jews. Romans. 138 Antonius Pius, emperor. Agrippa crosses the Rhine. The empire at peace. 36 Sexius Pompeius driven from Sicily (put Faustina I. flourishes. to death 35). Wall of Antoninus (Graham's Dyke) Lepidus deprived of power. built. Defeat of Antony in Parthia. 139 Conquests of Lollius Urbicus in Britain. 34 Antony invades Armenia. 140 Vallum Antonio in Britain. 32 War between Octavius and Antony. 145-175 Fustiana II. Flourishes. 31 Battle of Actium. 147 Development of Roman civil laws. Establishment of the Roman Empire. 150 Establishment of schools in Roman prov- 30 Battle of Actium. Octavius successful. inces. Suicide of Antony and Cleopatra. 161 Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus joint Criticism of the best Attic Literature at emperors. Rome. 161-166 Pestilence and famine at Rome. The Gates of Janus Shut. 162 Rome wars with Parthia. 27 Cesar Octavius is made Emperor under 163 Persecution of Christians. the title of Augustus Cesar. 166 Polycarp suffers martyrdum. Pantheon dedicated by Agrippa. 167-180 War with the Marcomanni, Quadi, 26 Tiridates seeks Roman court. etc. 24 Defeat of Romans in Arabia. Greek philosophers patronized by Rome. 23 Death of Marcellus. 169 Death of L. Verus. 21 Augustus Cesar founds Confederacy of Marcus Aurellus sole emperor. Raconian cities. 175 Rome quells rebellion in Syria. 20 Roman standards restored by Parthia. 177 Christians in Gaul persecuted. India embassy to Rome. Advance of the Goths. 18 Death of Dionysius of Halicarnassus. 178 Goths attack Dacia. 17-7 Temple at Jerusalem rebuilt by Herod. 180 Cummodus emperor of Rome. Agrippa invades Asia. Statue of Aurelius erected. Cappadocia created a province of Rome. Perennia prefect of Pretorians. 16 German war: Roman defeat under Lollius. 183 Successes of Ulpius Marcellus in Britain. 15 Victories of Durssua over the Rheti. 184 Commodus takes the name of Britanicus. 12 Invasion of Germany by Drusus. 185 Birth of Origen (died 253). 11-9 Campaigns of Tiberias in Pannonia 186 Cleander perfect of Pretorians. and Dalmatia. 190 Birth of Tertullian (died 240). Death of Drusue_. 192 Britanicus as gladiator, killed.
A. D. A. D. 193 Pertinax, emperor of Rome, is murdered. 284 Diocletian emperor of Rome. Didius Julianus buys the empire. Is op- 286 Maximian joint emperor with Diocletian. posed by Pescennius Niger and Sep- Revolt of Carausius in Britain. timius Severus and killed. 289 Victory of Carausius over Maximian. 194 Septimius Severus sole emperor. 292 Constantius and Galerius named Cesars. Defeat and death of Niger. Division of the empire. 196 Severus captures Byzantium after a siege 296 Britain recovered by Constantius. of three years. 297 Siege of Alexandria by Diocletian. 197 Temple of the Sun at Baalbec. Persian War. Battle of Lyons. 298 Constantius defeats the Alamanni near Death of Albinus. Langres. 198 Caracalla named Augustus. Defeat of Narses. Defeat of Parthians by Romans. 303 Persecution of the Christians by Diocle- 202 Persecution of the Christians. tian. 204 Birth of Plotinus, philosopher (died 274). 305 Abdication of Diocletian and Maximian. 209 Invasion of Britain by Severus. His wall Constantius and Galerius emperors. completed, 220. Beginning of Monnasticform? in Egypt un- 211 Death of Severus at York. der St. Anthony. Caracalla and Geta emperors. 306 Death of Constantius at York. Roman citizenship extended to the whole Constantine (the Great) proclaimed em- empire. peror by the troops. 212 Geta murdered. 307 Revolt of Maxentius. Caracalla, sole emperor. Six emperors. 213 Death of Clement of Alexandria. Elevation of Licintus. 214 First contact of the Romans with the 311 Rome proclaims Christianity. Alamanni Germany Tribes on the upper Edict of Nicomedia to stop the persecu- Rhine. tion of the Christians. 217 Macrinus emperor. 312 Defeat and death of Maxentius. 218 Hellogabalus emperor. 313 Defeat and death of Maximian. 222 Alexander Severus emperor. Edict of Milan, by Constantine and Li- 225 Sextus Empiricus, philosopher, flour- cinius, for general religious toleration. ishes. Britain subdued. 226 Dissolution of the Parthian Empire and 314 War between the two emperors. end of Arecide. 316 Birth of St. Martin, Bishop of Tours. Foundation of the new Persian Kingdom 323 Constantine sole emperor. of the Sassanide by Ardshir (Arta- 324 Constantinople foundeed; dedicated at the xerxes). capital of the empire, 330 (or 334). 228 Ulpian (lawyer) died. 325 First General Council of the Church 231 Persian War begins. meets at Nicea. 233 Triumph of Severus. 326 Athanasius Patriarch of Alexandria. 346 Maximin murdersw Severus and succeeds Controversy with Arius. to the throne. 236 Death of Arius. 236 Persecution of the Christians. 337 Constantine II. Constans and Constan- 238 The Gordiani, Pupienus and Balbiou tius II. joint emperors. (jointly) and Gordianus III., emperors. Nephilas Meso--Gothic gospels. 242 Gordianus defeats Sapor, King of Persia. 338 Death of Eusebius. 244 Gordianus murdered and succeeded by 340 Birth of St. Jerome--died 420. Philip the Arabian. 347 Synod of Sardica. 249 Decius emperor of Rome. 348 Ul_ias Bishop of the Goths (died 388). 250 Decius orders a persecution of the Chris- 350-'52 Revolt of Magentius. Defeated by tians. Constantius. First invasion of the empire by the 354 Birth of St. Augustine (died 430). Goths. 357 Victory of Julian over the Alamanni at 251 Death of Decius and his son. Argentoratum (Strasburg). Gallus emperor. 361 Julian emperor. 252 A pestilence breaks out in the empire 362 Julian recalls the banished bishops, and and lasts fifteen years. proclaims general religious toleration. 253 Irruption of the Goths and Burgundians 363 Persian war. into Mesia and Pannonia. Julian killed. First appearance of the Franks in Gaul Jovian emperor. about this time. 364 Valentinian and Valens joint emperors. 254 Valerian emperor. His son Gallienus as- Final division of the empire. sociated with him. 367-'69 Theodosius in Britain; aids Briton Persecution of the Christians. against Picts and Scots. 258 Trapezus taken by the Goths. 370 The Saxons land on the coasts of Gaul. 259 Sapor ravages Syria. 373 Death of Athanasius. Valerian taken prisoner. 375 War with the Quadi. 260 Gallienus sole emperor. Gratian emperor of the West with Val- The Thirty Tyrants between 260 and 268. entinian II. 262 The Goths in Macedonia and Asia Minor. Invasion of the Huns. They destroy the Temple of Ephesus. 376 Valens allows the Huns to settle in Antioch taken by Sapor. Thrace. 263 The Franks invade Gaul. 377 Birth of St. Patrick (died 493?). 267 The Heruli invade Greece, and are re- 378 Constantinople threatened by the Goths. pulsed by Dexippus. 379 Theodosius the Great, Emperor of the 268 Claudius Emperor. East. 269 Claudius defeats the Goths in Mesia. 381 Second General Council held at Con- 270 Aurelian emperor of Rome. stantinople. Victories over the Goths and the Ala- Pagan rites prohibited. manni. 382 Alaric King of the Goths. Zenobia queen of Palmyra. 383 Revolt of Maximus in Britain. 272 Expedition of Aurelian to Palmyra. 390 Final suppression of Paganism. 273 Capture of Palmyra and Queen Ze- Massacre at thessalonica. nobia. Death of Gregory at Nazianzus. 274 Birth of Constantine (died 337). 392 Honorius Emperor of the West. 275 Tacitus emperor. 394 Theodosius master of the Whole Roman 276 Probus emperor. world. 277 Probus drives the Alamanni from Gaul. 395 Death of Theodosius. 282 Carus emperor. Arcadius Emperor of the East. Expedition to the East. The Huns invade the eastern provinces.Copyright, 1905 by Geo. A. Ogle & Co.
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